Considerations in structural design for earthquakes in your structures

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Although hundreds of earthquakes are recorded every day and throughout the world, and although we cannot perceive them because of their very low magnitude, they are recorded, and yet some events such as Mexico 85, Chile 2010 and Japan 2012 have changed the way to prevent and left a mark in contemporary life.

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Some areas are much more likely to have big earthquakes, so scientists and engineers have worked and prioritized their efforts in seismic research and the effects they have on structural design, with the aim of reducing the rate of deaths and loss of infrastructure in earthquakes, which they hope to achieve with the use of digital technology, which has contributed to the creation of systems of prevention and of much safer structures.

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With this in mind, we will then talk about some of the basic considerations that must be taken into account within the design structures of the buildings. I will share three rather low basic criteria which will determine the analysis and structural design in terms of seismicity: seismic zoning, the structure system to be developed and the type of soil.

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3 factors to consider

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Seismic zoning

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This will be determined experimentally, making a large number of readings of the region during earthquakes, where the number of events can be counted in a certain time interval and the data are grouped in order to reach a regionalization, which will be congruent with the proximity to a tectonic failure, to the type of soil and to the historical record of earthquakes of the area.

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The structural system

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The choice of the correct structural system is determined by a Value Engineering process, which evaluates the safety, operation and costs of the possible structural systems to be applied, where we will see the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

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A structural system is the set of resistant elements distributed and connected to each other in order to offer stability and security to the buildings. The structural design must have an earthquake-resistant system that is capable of absorbing the forces produced by an earthquake.

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Type of soil

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The first of these factors is to detect the characteristics of the soil independently of the seismic zoning in which the soil is located, it is really fundamental, since each type of soil will respond in a different way to a tremor, with rocky soils being those that are more firm and resistant to an earthquake, while clay soils (soft) that have mechanical characteristics that can cause a great amplification in seismic waves, so they have more catastrophic effects on structures.

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In order for you to know the characteristics of the soil, preliminary studies, exploration, geotechnical studies, hydrology, soil mechanics, studies that allow us to establish soil resistance and the answers of the soil-structure relationship.